OMHSAS Mental Health Glossary
Glossary in Child and Adolescent Mental Health
This glossary contains terms frequently used when referring to the mental health needs of children and adolescents, and some for adults. The list is alphabetical.
A
Accessible Services: Services that are affordable, located nearby, and open during evenings and weekends. Staff is sensitive to barriers that may keep a person from getting help such as language, ability to read, culture, etc.
An accessible service can handle consumer demand without placing people on a long waiting list.
Acute Care: Medical treatment rendered to individuals whose illnesses or health problems are of short-term or short episodes.
Anxiety Disorders: Anxiety disorders cause intense feelings of anxiety and tension when there is no real danger.
Anxiety disorders are often accompanied with the symptoms of depression and can lead to chronic anxiety.
The symptoms cause significant distress and interfere with daily activities.
People usually take extreme measures to avoid situations that provoke anxiety.
The physical signs of anxiety are restlessness, irritability, disturbed sleep, muscle aches and pains, gastrointestinal distress, difficulty concentrating, etc.
Appropriate Services: Designed to meet the specific needs of each individual child and family.
Assessment: A professional review of child and family needs.
The assessment of the child includes a review of physical and mental health, intelligence, school performance, family situation, and behavior in the community.
The assessment identifies the strengths of the child and family.
Together, the caregiver and family decide what kind of treatment and supports, if any, are needed.
B
Base Service Units BSU /Service Coordination Unit (SCU): They provide the evaluations for county services.
Behavioral Disorder: A disorder characterized by behaviors that are significantly different, over a long period of time, from the socially acceptable behaviors of others of the same age and situation.
Behavioral Health Services: Both mental health and drug and alcohol rehabilitation services.
Behavioral Specialist Consultant (BSC): A mental health professional who writes the treatment plan and supervises the team that provides Behavioral Health Rehabilitation Services Child and Adolescents (BHRSCA) in the home.
Behavioral Health Rehabilitation Services (BHRS): Services that are available to a family if the child has a valid medical assistance card in the state of Pennsylvania.
Another name for this service is wraparound services.
If a child/youth meets the criteria for medical necessity, a case manager meets with the family, facilitates a discussion exploring the strengths of the family, assists the family in creating reachable goals, and develops options to meet those goals.
Behavioral Specialist Consultant (BSC): Must have a Master’s Degree or higher and also have experience in behavioral interventions and treatment of children with developmental delays and serious emotional disturbance.
The BSC writes the treatment plan and develops the program to be implemented in the child’s home, school, or other community settings.
C
Caregiver: A person who may or may not have special training to help people with mental health/behavioral/emotional challenges.
Examples include parents, family members, foster and adoptive parents, mentors, and those identified by the family and /or youth.
Case manager: An individual who organizes and coordinates services and supports for children with mental health problems and their families. (Alternate terms: service coordinator, advocate, and facilitator.)
Case management: A service that helps people arrange for appropriate services and support.
A case manager coordinates mental health, social, educational, health, vocational, transportation, advocacy, respite care, and recreational services, as needed.
The case manager makes sure that the changing needs of the child and family are met.
(This definition does not apply to managed care (MCO).
Child and Adolescent Services System Program (CASSP): Created in 1984 by Congress, this program assisted all states (through grants, technical assistance, and training) in the development of community-based, coordinated service systems to deal with the mental health needs of children and their families.
Child Protective Services: Designed to safeguard the child when abuse, neglect, or abandonment is suspected, or when there is no family to take care of the child.
Examples of help delivered in the home include financial assistance, vocational training, homemaker services, and daycare.
If in-home supports are insufficient, the child may be removed from the home on a temporary or permanent basis.
Ideally, the goal is to keep the child with the family using kinship care per federal direction whenever possible.
Children and Youth at Risk for Mental Health Problems: Children are at greater risk for developing mental health problems when certain factors occur in their lives or environments. Factors include physical abuse, emotional abuse or neglect, harmful stress, discrimination, poverty, loss of a loved one, frequent relocation, alcohol and other drug use, trauma, and exposure to violence.
Commitments: Mental Health Procedures
The state’s Mental Health Procedures Act outlines the mental health treatment options allowed in Pennsylvania, including involuntary treatment.
Like most states, Pennsylvania permits three types of involuntary, court-ordered treatment: emergency evaluation, extended involuntary treatment, and assisted outpatient treatment.
302 Commitment: An involuntary commitment is an application for emergency evaluation and treatment for persons who are a danger to themselves or others due to a mental illness.
A person applying for a 302 because they are concerned about another is referred to as a petitioner.
303 Commitment: If additional in-patient days are not needed, the individual will be discharged from the hospital within 120 hours. A 303 hearing is held at the treating hospital to determine if further treatment beyond the initial 120 hours is necessary.
Consumer/Client: Anyone using services provided by the Department of Human Services or one or more of its contracted providers.
Continuum of Care: A term that implies a progression of services that a child moves through, usually one service at a time.
More recently, it has come to mean comprehensive services.
Coordinated Services: Child-serving agencies talk with the family and agree upon a plan of care that meets the child's needs.
These agencies can include mental health, education, juvenile justice, CYF, etc. Case management is necessary to coordinate services.
COMPLAINT: A complaint is an unresolved dispute or objection filed with the CHC-MCO regarding a participating healthcare provider or the coverage, operations, or management of the CHC-MCO.
For example, a complaint may be filed about the following:
• A denial because the requested service or item is not a covered service;
• The failure of the CHC-MCO to provide a service or item in a timely manner, as defined by the Department of Human Services (department).
Cultural Competence: Help that is sensitive and responsive to cultural differences.
Caregivers are aware of the impact of culture and possess skills to help provide services that respond appropriately to a person's unique cultural differences, including race and ethnicity, national origin, area of residence, religion, age, gender, sexual orientation, physical disability, language, etc. They also adapt their skills to fit a family's values and customs.
D
Day Treatment: Day treatment includes special education, counseling, parent training, vocational training, skill building, crisis intervention, and recreational therapy.
It lasts at least 4 hours a day.
Day treatment programs work in conjunction with mental health, recreation, and education organizations and may even be provided by them.
Day Treatment/Partial Hospitalization Programs: Children/youth with mental illness participate in an intensive non-residential program.
They commute to the program every day (hospital or community agency) for some part of the day. Sometimes, the school component is within the day treatment program. Other day treatment programs commence after school hours.
Department of Human Services DHS: The PA state agency that oversees numerous program areas including OCYF, OMHSAS, ODP, OCDEL, Income Maintenance, Long Term Living, Medical Assistance Programs, and social program issues in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania such as Burial/Cremation Services, Refugee Resettlement, Homeless Issues etc.
Drug and Alcohol DDAP: Designation often used for services/programs designed to aid in the recovery of persons with substance use disorders and addictions in PA.
DSM-V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition): An official manual of mental health problems developed by the American Psychiatric Association. Psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and other health and mental health care providers use this reference book to understand and diagnose mental health problems.
Insurance companies and health care providers also use the terms and explanations in this book when discussing mental health problems.
ICD International Classification of Diseases Classifications, Diagnostic Codes Used in the USA as well as DSM-V World Health Organization (WHO) authorized the publication of the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10), which was implemented for mortality coding and classification from death certificates in the U.S. in 1999.
The U.S. developed a Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) for medical diagnoses based on WHO’s ICD-10 and CMS developed a new Procedure Coding System (ICD-10-PCS) for inpatient procedures. ICD-10-CM replaces ICD-9-CM, volumes 1 and 2, and ICD-10-PCS replaces ICD-9-CM, volume 3. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd10cm_pcs_background.htm
E
Early Intervention (EI): A process for ages 0-3yrs. of age used to recognize warning signs for developmental or behavioral/mental health challenges and to take early action against factors that put individuals at risk.
Early intervention can help children get better in less time and can prevent problems from becoming worse. EI is part of OCDEL.
Emergency and Crisis Services: A group of services that is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, to help during a mental health emergency.
Examples include telephone crisis hotlines, suicide hotlines, crisis counseling, crisis outreach teams, etc.
Emotional Disorder (ED): Emotional impairment exhibited by a child or adolescent that disrupts his or her academic, family, or interpersonal relationships.
Empowerment: Empowerment is the practice of motivating yourself or others to accomplish important goals or objectives.
It helps enable people to take initiative, make decisions for themselves, and solve complex problems.
F
Family-based Mental Health (FBMH): Comprehensive services designed to assist families in caring for their child or adolescent at home.
Services may include treatment for the child and other family members, service coordination, and family support services.
Family focus: Focusing on the strengths and capabilities of each individual family.
Family-Centered Services: Help designed to meet the specific needs of each individual child and family.
Children and families should not be expected to fit into services that do not meet their needs.
Family Driven: Family-driven means families have a decision-making role in the care of their own children as well as in the policies and procedures governing care for all children in the community, state, and nation.
This includes choosing supports, services; and providers; setting goals; designing and implementing programs; monitoring outcomes; and determining the effectiveness of all efforts to promote the mental health of children and youth.
Family Support Services: Help designed to keep the family together, while coping with mental health problems that affect them.
These services may include consumer information workshops, in-home support, family therapy, parenting training, crisis services, and respite care.
G
GRIEVANCES: A grievance is a request to reconsider a plan’s decision that a service or item is not medically necessary.
A grievance may be filed regarding the CHC-MCO’s decision to:
• Deny, in whole or in part, payment for a service or item;
• Deny or issue a limited authorization of a requested service or item, including a determination based on the type or level of service or item;
• Reduce, suspend, or terminate a previously authorized service or item;
• Deny the requested service or item, but approve an alternative service or item;
• Deny a request for a Benefit Limit Exception.
H
High-Fidelity Wraparound (HFW): High-Fidelity Wraparound (HFW) is a youth-guided and family-driven planning process that follows a series of steps to help youth and their families realize their hopes and dreams.
It is a process that allows more youth to grow up in their homes and communities.
It is a planning process that brings people together (natural supports and providers from various parts of the youth and family’s life.
More information can be found at www.yftipa.org
A set of ten statements that define the HFW philosophy and guide the activities of the process.
Home-Based Services: Help provided in a family's home either for a defined period of time or for as long as it takes to deal with a mental health problem.
Examples include parent training, counseling, and working with family members to identify, find, or provide other necessary help.
The goal is to prevent the child from being placed outside of the home.
(Alternate term: in-home supports.)
I
Intensive Behavioral Health Services (IBHS): support children, youth, and young adults with mental, emotional, and behavioral health needs.
IBHS offers a wide array of services that meet the needs of these individuals in their homes, schools, and communities.
IBHS has three categories of service:
1) Individual services which provide services to one child;
2) Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) which is a specific behavioral approach to services; and
3) Group services which are most often provided to multiple children at a specific place.
Evidence-based treatment (EBT) can be delivered through individual services, ABA services, and group services.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): On November 19, 1975, Congress enacted Public Law 94-192, known as “The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975” which guaranteed the right of all handicapped children to be entitled to a free and appropriate education. Congress amended this Act several times over the years.
On June 4, 1997, this act was amended again and renamed the “Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1997” (IDEA).
The amended statute, followed by federal regulation guided the states to write their own statute and regulations.
These state statutes and regulations cannot diminish or reduce the rights of special education students and their families that are provided in the federal statute but may provide children and caretakers with more rights and protections.
If there is a conflict, the federal law is always followed. https://sites.ed.gov/idea/ https://www.pealcenter.org/idea/
Independent Living Services: Support for a young person living on his or her own.
These services include therapeutic group homes, supervised apartment living, and job placement. Services teach youth how to handle financial, medical, housing, transportation, and other daily living needs, as well as how to get along with others.
Individual Education Plan (IEP): An educational plan that outlines the programs and services that a child may need in order to remove barriers to learning.
The IEP includes goals, objectives, types of special help that a child will receive in the classroom, and how the child’s progress will be measured.
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act is civil rights law.
Section 504 protects individuals with disabilities from discrimination that arises because of their disability.
A 504 Service Agreement is considered when a child has a disability such as anxiety that can limit at least one major life activity, which can include walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning, reading, writing, performing math calculations, remembering, taking care of oneself or performing simple manual tasks.
If your child does not meet the criteria for special education, he/she may be eligible for a 504 Service Agreement.
A 504 Service Agreement often contains a list of accommodations and modifications that can assist the child with disabilities in the classroom. https://www.pealcenter.org/idea/
Individualized Services: Services designed to meet the unique needs of each child and family. Services are individualized when they all pay attention to the needs and strengths, ages, and stages of development of the child and individual family members.
Also, see appropriate services and family-centered services.
Inpatient Hospitalization: Mental health treatment is provided in a hospital setting 24 hours a day. Inpatient hospitalization provides (1) short-term treatment in cases where a child is in crisis and possibly a danger to his/herself or others.
The most intensive and restrictive treatment setting, provides acute treatment interventions, diagnostic evaluations, stabilization, and treatment planning.
InterAgency Team (IAT): A group of people (including the family, the child and representatives from providers and/or agencies) who work together to make sure that services are planned, coordinated, and implemented.
J
Juvenile Justice System (JJ): The system that deals with children or adolescents who break the law and are arrested.
L
Least Restrictive Environment (LRE): High-quality treatment and support services are provided in the most natural environment that is available and appropriate.
These are settings that are the most appropriate and natural for the child and family.
These are the least intrusive settings possible that serve as the environment where the needs of the youth and family can still be met.
Legal Guardian; A person who is court-appointed to make decisions for another person who has been deemed incompetent to make decisions (financial or personal).
Liaison: A professional who is specifically trained to work in partnership with children and families, outside agencies, and mental health providers.
M
Managed Care: This is a way to supervise the delivery of health care services.
Managed care may specify which providers the insured family can see and may also limit the number of visits and kinds of services that are covered by insurance.
Managed Care Organization (MCOs) – An entity/insurance company/corporation that is providing health care to individuals under agreement with a particular managed care plan. The company differs depending on the county you live in.
Companies that agree to provide Medicaid benefits for people in exchange for a monthly payment from the state.
Medical Assistance (MA) – The federal program that provides, within restriction, medical (and certain medically supervised) care to those in need.
In Pennsylvania, this is administered by the Department of Human Services.
Medical Necessity: Clinical determinations to establish a service or benefit which will, or is reasonably expected to:
Prevent the onset of an illness, condition, or disability;
Reduce or ameliorate the physical, mental, behavioral, or developmental effects of an illness, condition, injury, or disability;
Assist the individual to achieve or maintain maximum functional capacity in performing daily activities, taking into account both the functional capacity of the individual and those functional capacities appropriate for individuals of the same age.”
Measurable Objectives: Measurable objectives are short-term goals that will be set for each of the prioritized needs.
MH/ IDD/EI County Administrator: Supervises a comprehensive service delivery system in each county, or in combined counties which provides a full array of treatment and rehabilitation services in both institutional and community settings.
The term may differ depending on the county of Pennsylvania. https://www.dhs.pa.gov/Services/Disabilities-Aging/Pages/ODP-County-MH-ID-Office-Contacts.aspx
Mental Health/Emotional Health/Behavioral Health: How a person thinks, feels, and acts when faced with life's situations.
Mental health is how people look at themselves, their lives, and the other people in their lives; evaluate their challenges and problems; and explore choices.
This includes handling stress, relating to other people, and making decisions.
Mental Health /Emotional Health/Behavioral Health Challenges/Illness (Issues):
Mental health issues are real. They affect one's thoughts, body, feelings, and behavior.
Mental health challenges are not just a passing phase.
They can be severe, seriously interfere with a person's life, and even cause a person to become disabled.
Mental health challenges may include depression, bipolar disorder (manic-depressive illness), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, schizophrenia, and conduct disorder, etc.
Mental Illnesses: This term is used by the federal government.
Mobile Crisis Services: A crisis intervention team of professionals who, when called, go to the child during a crisis (in the home, at school, or in the community) in order to prevent injury or hospitalization.
Mobile Therapist (MT): A mental health professional who provides counseling services in the home.
Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT): A group of clinical staff made up of representatives from different professions, disciplines, or service areas.
N
Natural Supports: Individuals or organizations in the family’s own community.
Natural supports can include kinship, social, or spiritual networks such as friends, extended family members, religious leaders, sports coaches, and neighbors.
A natural support can be anyone the family trusts and can depend on in time of need, outside of paid professionals.
A natural support is someone who is willing to be a part of the family’s support network.
Network of Care: Network of Care is an interactive, single information online website where consumers, community-based organizations, and municipal government workers can easily access a wide variety of important information.
The resources in this "virtual community" include a fast, comprehensive Service Directory;
links to pertinent Web sites from across the nation;
a comprehensive, easy-to-use Library;
a political advocacy tool;
community message boards; and many others. Not all counties etc. use this platform. (http://networkofcare.org/index3.cfm?page=what&pageid=111)
Neurologist: A neurologist is a specialist who can check brain structure or brain functioning by using a variety of tests.
O
Office of Children, Youth, and Families (OCYF): Established by federal and state law, CYF exists to protect children from abuse or neglect.
Ombudsman: A person who helps to solve problems related to the care a person receives.
Outcomes: Child, family, or team goals stated in a way that can be observed and measured.
Outcome-based: A focused treatment approach that allows for clear and measurable results.
Out-patient: Services provided in freestanding mental health offices or clinics.
These services include medical examination, diagnosis, care and treatment, and community-based services that provide evaluation/diagnosis, treatment planning, medication management, and individual and play therapy.
P
Partial Hospitalization Services (Often referred to as “Partial”): A non-residential form of intensive treatment provided in a freestanding or school-based program for three to six hours per day.
Plan of Care (POC): A treatment plan especially designed for each child and family, based on individual strengths and needs.
The caregiver(s) develop(s) the plan with input from the family.
The plan establishes goals and details appropriate treatment and services to meet the special needs of the child and family.
Primary Care Physician (PCP): A general medicine GP, Family Practice, or Internal Medicine physician responsible for overseeing the overall medical care of an individual.
Provider Organization: A practice, clinic, mental health center, hospital, or other organization that is employed by managed health programs to provide treatment services.
Probation Officer (PO): An officer of the court responsible for ensuring that a client follows the terms of his or her probation.
Provider: Qualified individual or agency that provides services.
Psychiatrist: A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who will use a variety of psychological tests and techniques in order to evaluate your child’s mental health symptoms and can prescribe medicine, if necessary.
Psychologist: A clinical psychologist is licensed to diagnose and treat serious emotional disturbances.
He/she may use a variety of psychological tests and techniques to evaluate your child, much like a psychiatrist. However, a psychologist cannot prescribe medication.
Public Defender (PD) – Provides legal counsel to people without means to pay for counsel.
When appointed by the court, the PD must also furnish legal counsel to persons subject to commitment under the Mental Health and Mental Retardation Act of 1966.
R
Recovery: Mental health recovery is a journey of healing and transformation that enables a person with a mental health problem to live a meaningful life in a community of his or her choice while striving to achieve his or her full potential (www.samhsa.gov).
Resiliency: The ability to recover quickly from illness, change, or misfortune. Being resilient is having the ability to manage adversity without negative repercussions.
Residential Treatment Facilities (RTF): Facilities that provide treatment 24 hours a day.
Children with serious emotional disturbances receive constant supervision and care.
Treatment may include individual, group, and family therapy; behavior therapy; special education; recreation therapy; and medical services.
Residential treatment is usually more long-term than inpatient hospitalization. Centers may also be known as therapeutic group homes.
Respite Care: A service that provides a break for parents who have a child with a serious emotional disturbance.
Trained parents or counselors take care of the child for a brief period of time to give families relief from the extreme strain of caring for the child.
This type of care can be provided in the home or in another location. Many if not most parents may need this help every week.
S
Self-Efficacy: Achieving self-efficacy is when the youth and family begin to believe in themselves. Self-efficacy is the measure of one's competence to complete tasks and reach goals.
Serious Emotional Disturbances or Disorder (SED): A federal term used in documents. An emotional and/or social impairment that seriously disrupts the child or adolescent’s academic, family, or interpersonal relationships.
Diagnosable disorders in children and adolescents that severely disrupt their daily functioning in the home, school, or community.
Serious emotional disturbances affect one in 10 young people.
These disorders include depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity, anxiety disorders, conduct disorder, and eating disorders.
A broad descriptive term that indicates that a child may have signs and symptoms that affect how he or she thinks, feels, or reacts to everyday situations. This term is not used in all states.
Service: A type of support or clinical intervention designed to address the specific mental health needs of a child and his or her family.
A service could be provided only one time or repeated over the course of time, as determined by the child, family, and service provider.
Service Coordination: A service that assists the child and family in obtaining and managing services that are needed. A service coordinator is the person who provides this service.
Service Coordination Unit (SCU): This may be called the Base Service Unit (BSU). They provide evaluations for county services.
Short-Term Inpatient Services: Provides psychiatric service when children/adolescents have acute symptoms. The goal is to stabilize the symptoms so that the child can return to their home and community.
Children and adolescents who are a danger to themselves or others may be mandated for a psychiatric evaluation and treatment if necessary.
Stakeholder: Individuals or organizations that are directly impacted by a system-wide decision, program, or intervention.
Systems of Care (PASOC)PA Care Partnership: A coordinated network of community-based services and supports that are organized to meet the challenges of children and youth with serious mental health needs and their families.
Families and youth work in partnership with public and private organizations to design mental health services and support that are effective, that build on the strengths of individuals, and that address each person's cultural and linguistic needs.
A SOC helps children, youth and families function better at home, in school, in the community, and throughout life.
System of Care is not a program — it is a philosophy of how care should be delivered.
SOC ensures that approaches to services recognize the importance of family, school, and community. SOC seeks to promote the full potential of every child and youth by addressing their physical, emotional, intellectual, cultural, and social
needs http://www.systemsofcare.samhsa.gov and https://www.pacarepartnership.org/
Specialized Service Coordination Services: Unique service coordination programs that are targeted toward certain children or adolescents based on their diagnosis and their specific needs.
Strengths-based: Treatment and support services that reflect the identified strengths and needs of each child and family.
Student Assistant Program (SAP): An intervention program designed to identify students who are having school problems due to alcohol or drug use or addiction, depression, or other serious emotional disturbances, and to intervene and refer these students to appropriate community services, if needed.
SAP teams are located in PA high schools, some middle and elementary as well. https://www.education.pa.gov/Schools/safeschools/sap-pbis/SAP/Pages/default.aspx
Supplemental Security Income (SSI): A disability program of the Social Security Administration. https://www.ssa.gov/benefits/disability/
U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA):
The mission of SAMHSA, the federal administration is to provide, through the U.S. Public Health Services, a national focus for the Federal effort to promote effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of addictive and mental disorders.
SAMHSA is primarily a grant-making organization, promoting knowledge and scientific state-of-the-art practice.
SAMHSA strives to reduce barriers to high-quality, effective programs and services for individuals who suffer from or are at risk for, these disorders, as well as for their families and communities. https://www.samhsa.gov/
Supported Living (SL): This initiative is designed to increase housing options available to persons with serious mental illness.
Through supported living programs, individuals with psychiatric disabilities may access an array of flexible services and supports to enable them to live in the housing of choice and to become participation members of the community.
T
Targeted Case Management (TCM): See Service Coordination
Therapeutic Staff Support (TSS): A mental health professional who provides behavioral support and guidance to a child in the home, school, and/or community.
Treatment plan: A plan that outlines the treatment and support services that are needed to address the mental/behavioral issues of a child and his or her family and is created with the family/youth and social worker.
Treatment services: Refers to a variety of therapeutic services designed to change behaviors or other conditions related to a child’s serious emotional disturbances.
Treatment services are also designed to help individuals and/or families cope with a child’s
behaviors.
Y
Youth Driven: On a Personal level youth driven is knowing that change is possible in his or her life. They are part of the planning process for their care.
Youth-Driven is having an authentic youth voice in leadership positions, in county and state government, where youth are trained, supported, valued, and given a seat at state and local policy and program tables.
The youth are supported in various ways as they share their experiences and their opinions. Financial support is given as needed through stipends, transportation assistance, hotels, meals, and childcare, with the goal of sustaining their input.
Opportunities, like youth voice and leadership, are encouraged and made available to youth at county and state level child-serving systems, through the work of a System of Care.
Youth are provided with what they need to make informed decisions about their treatment and their future.